Over the past few months, I have had several different people question the biblical basis for paying pastors or church staff. Many of these questions have come from sincere church members who are trying to understand the church and finances. I want to share some insight on this as well as my story.
My story is that I worked for over 15 years in the business world. In fact I had a very good position as a Network Engineer with a large local company. My decision to change vocations was simply out of a response to God's call. It meant a smaller salary, more hours, and honestly more criticism. I can honestly say that working as a pastor is much more demanding and more difficult than the job I left. However, I am content because I am fulfilling the call God has on my life. Sometimes, I think there is a view that pastoral work is easy and is for those that can't do anything else. I think it is important to debunk that myth and to clarify the biblical justification for some people that are called to serve in God's kingdom full time vocationally just as Jesus and the apostles did. See my blog post too on "Am I called to ministry".
I think Paul faced these same types of questions and defended his case as seen in 1 Corinthians 9:3-14:
This is my defense to those who sit in judgment on me. 4Don't we have the right to food and drink? 5Don't we have the right to take a believing wife along with us, as do the other apostles and the Lord's brothers and Cephas[a]? 6Or is it only I and Barnabas who must work for a living?
7Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its grapes? Who tends a flock and does not drink of the milk? 8Do I say this merely from a human point of view? Doesn't the Law say the same thing? 9For it is written in the Law of Moses: "Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain."[b] Is it about oxen that God is concerned? 10Surely he says this for us, doesn't he? Yes, this was written for us, because when the plowman plows and the thresher threshes, they ought to do so in the hope of sharing in the harvest. 11If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much if we reap a material harvest from you? 12If others have this right of support from you, shouldn't we have it all the more?
But we did not use this right. (note he refers to taking financial assistance as a right, but chose to forfeit his right for a new church plant) On the contrary, we put up with anything rather than hinder the gospel of Christ. 13Don't you know that those who work in the temple get their food from the temple, and those who serve at the altar share in what is offered on the altar? 14In the same way, the Lord has commanded that those who preach the gospel should receive their living from the gospel.
Here is the response from a respected website called
gotquestions.org:
A church should definitely provide for the financial needs of its pastor(s) and any other full-time ministers. 1 Timothy 5:17-18, “The elders who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honor, especially those whose work is preaching and teaching. For the Scripture says, 'Do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain,' and 'The worker deserves his wages.'” 1 Corinthians 9:14 declares, “In the same way, the Lord has commanded that those who preach the gospel should receive their living from the gospel.” If a church is not able to provide sufficient finances for a pastor, then a pastor would have no other choice but to work outside the church to bring in the needed income. This is a regrettable, but sometimes necessary situation. It would be best for a pastor to be full-time so he can fully dedicate himself to the Lord’s work of ministering to and shepherding the congregation.
Bob Lugingill also gives a very comprehensive answer to this question:
1) Before the nation of Israel, the most prominent example we have is Melchizedek, a "priest of God most high", to whom Abraham gave a tenth of what he had won from his recent victory - a significant amount (Gen. 14; cf. also Gen.28:22).
2) in Israel, not only the priests, but also the Levites (i.e., everyone whose full-time job was serving God directly), were to be supported through a system of tithes, some given in the form of produce, some in the form of currency; the priests also received a portion of most of the offerings that were made to the Lord (see especially Lev.5:13; 7:6-10; Num.18:20-32; Deut.14:22-29; Amos 4:14; Lk.18:12).
3) in the Church, there is no tithing per se, but the principle of those who minister the Word of God for a living earning their living from their ministry is still applicable. In 1st Corinthians 9:1-14, Paul vigorously defends this right in great detail. Although he personally chose not to make use of it from the Corinthians (and worked also himself in support of his ministry), he did obtain financial support for that ministry from others as well, most notable the Philippians. Paul applauds their godly efforts in Philippians 4:14-19, and notes that such things are well-pleasing to God. In 1st Timothy 5:18, Paul makes the point in reference to support of ministers that "the workman is worthy of his wages" (repeating Christ's point that his apostles were to be supported: Matt.10:10; Luke 10:7). The clincher is Galatians 6:6: "Let anyone who receives instruction in the Word share of all good things with the one who instructs him."
4) Now the Church is much different from Israel. Rather than having a situation where a hereditary few are chosen to minister to God, all believers are given gifts to minister in some way to and for God (1Cor.12:7 etc.). However, ministering the Word is the one gift still operative in the Church which carries authority and so demands particular respect (1Thes.5:12-13), for it incurs a stricter judgment from God (Jas.3:1). In the Church of Jesus Christ, we all pull together for the goal and we all have equal access to the Father, but we cannot all devote the first-fruits of our time and energy to learning and teaching the Word of God (and learning those things necessary to learn and teach the Word of God: Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, systematic theology, ancient history and culture, etc.). That is the job of the teacher (call him pastor or elder or pastor-teacher or whatever you will). Preparation for this job is long and arduous - if done correctly. It often involves eleven years of higher education and much work "off the academic clock".